Little hnya Review Essay Example

Little hnya Review Paper Paper on Little hnya A Little hnya was not hnya, and not a little one. This book perhaps the best book composed by Russian writers (a little long definition, yet it is important to choose: here there are writers who write in Russian, and there are which deciphered), I have perused as of late. Also, this isn't relaxed commendation to the creator, yet the unforgiving truth. In spite of the fact that the word extreme positively not the picture of the creator, and considerably more so with the writings, isn't predictable. So as to see how Laura Beloivan sufficiently enormous to see the first School for Scandal with its interest. Beloivan figured out how to soften the ice of the careful, having a terminating sight, driving. The Soviet papers about individuals saying so the man testing destiny. Laura Beloivan Nakhodkinskoye completed professional school, at that point worked in the Far Eastern Shipping Company. Followed display of different callings and now Beloivan occupied with the formation of the principal recovery place for harmed seals in Russia. To put it plainly, there is something of turning into an essayist Furthermore, this not frail and diverse educational experience has shown the creators primary concern - . Not terrified of anything. Furthermore, here it isn't that exposition Beloivan there is no-no subjects, rather, there are no outskirts creators see. Likewise, Beloivan not spare a moment in picking the language. Taboo words for the creator of Little hni no. In any case, how scrumptious and the spot they sound! Reality not covered up. Frivolity don't bode well. Such is reality. Indeed, it isn't generally upbeat and cheerful, somebody didn't have the foggiest idea? At any punches destiny Beloivan compares humor, unexpectedly, intensity. Also, in light of the fact that endures. Furthermore, even obtains the capacity to take off We will compose a custom exposition test on Little hnya Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Little hnya Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Little hnya Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Also, presently, the expressive legend Laura Beloivan (all around said to me, who, for reasons unknown in my mind Beloivan determinedly adjusted in Belovian, the more that Vian got nothing to do with. what!) like an explorer experiencing Moscow-Petushki. As Venichka attempted to get to the Red Square however was at the fallen angel in no place, and Beloivan character aches for excruciating to go from Vladivostok to Moscow and is in a spot that LJ creator shows up under the incapacitating and convincing alias. Exposition Beloivan consolidates incongruity and softness. This strange for our troublesome spaces letters vivacity raises the saint of the city, and Vladivostok from edge to edge with every one of its slopes, lanes, individuals, biases and absurdities, the wrecked, similar to a cardiogram, congruity turns into an astounding highlights, obtains its folklore. This city is unimaginable not to cherish. I think for Vladivostok Beloivan accomplished more than each one of the individuals who are working is liable for its vacation spot. Despite the fact that it isn't significant. What's more, what Little hnya an uncommon book of mind and love of life. . The ideal remedy for the blues Statement arbitrary:  «I fly over the city and feel like he needed to escape the chilly, twist feline, cover his nose to the tail, and rest and rest , and that the smoke from the stacks, thus as not to contact anybody, and it is important to extend fall in line along the ocean, slipping to clumsy slopes, and put stock in their closeness to San Francisco, which is whether there is, or isn't, and imagine continually imagine that he, Vladimir city, so the entirety of a macho, and broiler warming of homes don't see behind the red-block cruisers constructed percolated Chinese and North Korean vagrant specialists  »

Cost of College Education

Cost of College Education Cost of College Education Dec 19, 2019 in Education Introduction There is no doubt that the cost of college education has tremendously gone up over the years. The rate at which the cost of college has increased supersedes the rate of inflation by far. This rules out inflation as a possible cause of the rise and squarely places the ball in the executives courts to explain to parents the logic behind the rise. The unfortunate trend has been attributed to withdrawal of federal funding to colleges, forcing them to increase tuition fees to pay their professors. Indeed, the fact that colleges have had to expand without any assistance from the federal government has put a great strain on institution management. They have to spend huge amounts of money to construct new buildings for dormitories to accommodate their new students. It should be noted that increasing the rate of admission became essential in order to raise funds to run the colleges. As a matter of fact, the cost would be much higher if college administrators not intervened by increasing the r ate of admission. This paper looks at the trends as well as some of the factors causing the tremendous rise in college tuition (Dougherty 30). Body States have reduced their funding to colleges at a time when overemphasis on research has significantly pushed the cost of college higher. For instance, the state used to fund over two thirds of the budget of Western Michigan University in the 1980s. However, this has reduced since to a meager 27% funding from the state. This technically forced colleges to raise fees proportionately in order to keep their organizations functional. Meanwhile, the attitude that colleges must actively carry out research and publish them has perished, thus causing a strain. According to Atlantic Journal Constitution, colleges and universities emphasize on research more than they do on teaching. The mysterious thing about this stems from the fact that these research activities are of less academic value as compared to teaching. It is instructive to note that research has been the new frontier, over which success of colleges is determined. Thus, college administrators are often forced to require professors to advice and guide their students in research. The whole system works against parents who have to bear the burden of paying fees. It goes without saying that carrying out research requires a lot of facilities and equipment that certainly cost a fortune to obtain. It is a system that will be a little too difficult to change considering that people have come to believe that quality education lies in the amount of research carried out. In this regard, it becomes technically impossible for colleges to revert to the earlier emphasis on teaching for fear of being accused of laxity. The situation has been made worse by the fact that teaching load has been sacrificed at the expense of research in almost all colleges. It is, therefore, a question of just which college will revert back to high teaching load. It is a difficult choice considering that colleges risk losing their students due to perceived low quality of education (Dougherty 30). Order now Live Chat College administrators have previously been described as politicians locked up in political baggage. This alludes to the fact that they are forced to retain faculties that hardly serve any academic purpose for the colleges. However, the fact that they have always been there is the only reason why they cannot be sent packing in order to cut cost. Daniel Weiss of the College of Pennsylvania noted that save for their security of tenure, most administrators would be hard to re-elect into office. This is because they are always keen to stick to college traditions even if they harm students and their parents who pay fees. He describes such departments as expensive and undersubscribed units that should be done away with in order to cut cost. Introduction of new technology in colleges has also driven up the cost of tuition. While advanced technology is credited with increased efficiency and cost-saving in the corporate world, the opposite is true in colleges. For instance, adopting modern-te chnology laboratories would require that students are adequately trained on how to use them. In addition, it is worth noting that these equipments are themselves very expensive. It is basically a stark difference between the test-tubes of the old generation that did not cost a fortune to purchase. The increased demand for social amenities has also significantly pushed the cost of college up. For instance, colleges invest huge sums of money to improve the state of their libraries, college cafeteria, as well as huge investments are allocated to college sports. These have become part of college programs that students expect every year. It therefore becomes incumbent upon the administration to source for funds to keep these programs afloat. In this respect, the only realistic way for them to raise funds for these projects is through hiking of college fees (Floyd 12). There have been calls to hire the best brains to work in the universities and colleges to ensure that quality of learning is enhanced. However, people forgot that the cost of hiring people with the best qualifications is not as low. For instance, college health centers are literally forced to hire the best doctors to accord students the best healthcare while they are learning. This responsibility belongs to college administrators, and they have to find a way of sorting it out. It goes without saying that even success in college sports requires that college administrators employ the best coaches. In case of lawsuits involving the learning institutions, they need to get the best lawyers to win the cases and retain their good reputation. This is essential in the sense that prospective students will easily shy away from colleges with bad reputations. This certainly reflects the economic situation in the ground, especially with regards to the increasing cost of hiring professional service s. Although one may wonder why colleges have not taken cost-cutting seriously, it is clear that they have better reasons to spend than cut cost. For instance, colleges cannot cut costs in technology because it is a basic necessity for their success. There is no college that will accept using conventional chalks and test-tubes when their counterparts in the market are adopting modern technology. It is a delicate balance that college administrators have to strike in order to remain attractive to prospective students. It has been proposed that college administrators should focus on cutting costs even as they adopt modern technology. However, they are actually reluctant to do this because they believe that parents can foot these bills and, therefore, there is no need to go for cheaper technology. This carefree attitude is what continues to push the cost of tuition way too high for most citizens (Cohen and Brawer 45). The stiff rise in the number of support staff as well as administrators has caused the cost of education to rise in the institutions of higher learning. In particular, the rise in the number of support staff stemmed from the fact that parents wanted their children to live in utmost peace so that they can concentrate on their studies. This meant that people had to be hired to clean their dormitories and do their laundry. Eventually, the overall number of support staff increased as administrators bowed to pressure from parents. It should be noted that most parents at the moment did not pay their childrens fees because there were several scholarships. However, most of these education aids have since ceased to exist, leaving parents with huge bills to pay for college tuition. On the other hand, administration has grown in size, as departments increased in number. For instance, there was need to have specialists operate various departments to ensure efficient handling of equipment as well as proper maintenance. Eventually, the overall cost of running the institutions rose significantly, forcing college administrators to raise college fees. It is worth noting that the problem has been brewing for quite some time now. For instance, the number of support staff has since shot up by 57% between 1987 and 2007. It should not be surprising that 20 years can make such a big difference (Floyd 12). Conclusion In conclusion, the fact that the rate at which the cost of college has increased supersedes the rate of inflation by far, and rules out inflation as a possible cause of the rise and squarely places the ball in the executives courts to explain to parents the logic behind the rise. The unfortunate trend has been attributed to withdrawal of federal funding to colleges, forcing them to increase tuition fees to pay the wages of their professors. In addition, states have reduced their funding to colleges at a time when overemphasis on research has significantly pushed the cost of college higher. For instance, the state used to fund over two thirds of the budget of Western Michigan University in the 1980s. However, this has since reduced to a meager 27% funding from the state. This has left college administrators with little choice but to raise the cost of tuition in order to foot the huge bills. Meanwhile, parents continue to decry the unfortunate economic situation that the pursuit of aca demic excellence has caused.

Essay on Euthanasia We All Have the Right to Die

Physician-Assisted Suicide, or Euthanasia, is a serious issue, and it affects people throughout all walks of life. From teenagers with angst, to older adults feeling hopeless in their life, to the elderly suffering from terminal illnesses, suicide pervades throughout their thought processes as an alternative to their emotionally and physically pervasive situations. Euthanasia, or physician-assisted suicide, has a history dating back to the seventeenth century. Only recently has it become as controversial an issue as it has. Why is euthanasia such a touchy, beat around the bush kind of term? Like abortion, euthanasia’s arguments center on right vs. wrong in the social spectrum. In â€Å"Euthanasia Reconsidered — The Choice of Death as an†¦show more content†¦As we see in the 2006 case Gonzalez v. Oregon, the Supreme Court supported the interests of physicians on a euthanasia-related case. In 1994, Oregon enacted the â€Å"Death With Dignity Act† which allowed physicians to prescribe lethal doses of medicine to terminally ill patients. This act was questioned in early 2001 and brought to court by former attorney general Ashcroft, which precipitated the Gonzalez v. Oregon debate. Ultimately, the Supreme Court decided by a 6-3 margin that physician assisted suicide is an important option for terminally ill patients (Sclar 639). We need to consider the choices of the individuals in these situations. If we are willing to accept the idea that our bodies are our own property and w e can do what we want with them, then if we choose to die that should be our right. A patient who would rather die than continue to live in an incapacitated or potentially painful state – someone whose life expectancy is limited anyway and whose quality of life is poor – should have the right to choose to die instead of being forced to suffer. However, the opposing side makes valid points based on the fact that external factors, such as depression, can lead to that choice without the consideration of other options. As a result, it is important that, when considering legalized euthanasia, protections are put into place to insure the mental andShow MoreRelatedDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the right to life entails a right to die under certain circumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to gr ant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three types. They are voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia and involuntaryRead MoreDo You Think That the Right to Life Entails a Right to Die Under Certain Circumstances? Should the Law Be Changed to Grant a Universal Right to Voluntary Euthanasia?1008 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the right to life entails a right to die under certain circumstances?† and â€Å"Should the laws be changed to grant a universal right to voluntary euthanasia?†. In this essay, I am going to give reasons using ethical theories to justify these questions. Euthanasia Euthanasia is the act of a physician or other third party ending a patients life in response to severe pain and suffering. Euthanasia can be classified into three types. They are voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia and involuntaryRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Legalized For Terminally Ill People1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe word euthanasia has a Greek meaning â€Å"the good death. On the other hand, in the society today, there are deeper and more meanings to euthanasia than before. Voluntary euthanasia concerns itself with the consent of the person to die through the assistance of others. Voluntary euthanasia can be divided into two areas: passive voluntary witch is holding back medical treatment with the patient’s request, active voluntary killing the patient at that patient s request informing the assistant on howRead MoreEuthanasia Is Not An Acceptable Form Of Euthanasia1556 Words   |  7 Pagesof patients by physicians, whether called â€Å"active euthanas ia† or simply â€Å"euthanasia,† is a topic of long-standing controversy† (Mappes, Zembaty, and DeGrazia 59). â€Å"Although active euthanasia is presently illegal in all fifty states and the District of Columbia, proposals for its legalization have been recurrently advanced. Most commonly, these proposals call for the legalization of active euthanasia. There are some who consider active euthanasia in any form intrinsically immoral and, for this reasonRead MoreEuthanasi An Incurable Form Of Cancer Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesthe history of the United States, we have seen certain rights once withheld from specific groups of people given to them through law. Women’s rights, civil rights, mentally-ill rights, and gay rights have been spotlighted in the political agenda. When legislation was passed providing rights to these groups of people, each topic was extremely controversial. However, looking back today on all of these decisions makes it clear that th e United States had come to the right conclusion benefiting our societyRead MoreThe Death Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia1502 Words   |  7 PagesEvery year as we grow older, the thought of our death constantly looms over us. We think of how we might die or when we will die. As we see the people we love around us begin to diminish, there is one situation that we all come across, the situation in which a beloved is stuck in a hospital bed, doomed to die, and we are faced with the decision of whether or not to allow the doctor to end their life immediately or to let them die naturally. Whether we die by our own hands or the hands of anotherRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1656 Words   |  7 PagesIf we knew exactly when we were going to die – and knew for a fact it would be painless – it is a fair bet that that fear would simply melt away. According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary, euthanasia is the act or practice of killing someone who is very sick or injure d in order to prevent any more suffering (merriam-webster.com); also known as â€Å"mercy killing.† There are three classifications of euthanasia: voluntary euthanasia is performed with the patient s consent; non-voluntary euthanasia isRead MoreEuthanasi A Gentle And Easy Death1240 Words   |  5 PagesA. How can we limit our freedom as an individual by not permitting people to die when it is their right and life? B. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Euthanasia is â€Å"a gentle and easy death.† 1. Euthanasia is not suicide. Suicide is taking one’s own life because one does not want to live C. Today, I will go over the countries and states that allow Euthanasia, the types of Euthanasia and conditions that patients need to be under to pursue euthanasia, and if it is our rights to pursue euthanasiaRead MoreFirst Affirmative Constructive Speech : Euthanasia1177 Words   |  5 PagesFirst Affirmative Constructive Speech: Euthanasia A lady named Brittany Maynard who was twenty-nine years old had stage 4 of Glioblastoma Multiform, which is brain cancer. She had taken a lethal medication, given to her by her doctors in Portland, Oregon. On November 1, 2014 she had chosen to end her life by Euthanasia. surrounded by family and friends, she died peacefully in her bedroom, with her loved ones by her side. she had thought out her choice well enough to go through with it. she was anRead MoreArguments Against Euthanasia Essay851 Words   |  4 PagesArguments on Euthanasia In this paper, I will be presenting the opposing arguments on Euthanasia, the controversial issue of terminally ill patients committing suicide with the assistance of a physician. One of the main arguments for euthanasia is that people have the right to die. Many people for euthanasia have the mindset that humans have the right to control his or her body and life and therefore have the freedom to choose how, where and when they will die. This belief stems from the idea of

Marketing Analysis Business Products Essay - 2107 Words

Question no 1 a) Business products:- 2$ stores regularly have product offerings including sustenance and beverage, individual cleanliness items, little home and garden devices, office supplies, enhancements, gadgets, garden plants, toys, pet merchandise, remaindered books, recorded media and so forth . Bigger stores might offer solidified nourishments and crisp produce. 2$ stores emerged in the mid twentieth century, with Woolworth s model to diminish store overheads by improving the obligations of offers agents. They might now be found everywhere throughout the New Zealand. b) Business size:- The perfect unit ought to have around 180m ² for retail utilize and 50m ² for capacity, office and civilities. Littler stores will run from 90 - 125m ² for retail.2$ shop can select representatives agreeing of their shop pursuing and that 4-5 workers can work in store . c) Business customers:- 2 $ shop pulls in an excess of clients in a day since its name tells everything nothing more than 2$. All groups individuals come in and understudies likewise willing to come in this retail shop regardless of costly retail shops d) Location:- 178 Great South Rd., Papakura, Auckland 2110. Contact no:- 092985868 Question no 2 Ethics :- To improves the personal satisfaction in our group by empowering music interest. To display our product offerings in a positive, legit and practical way that shows appreciation to our clients, our store and ourShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan827 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Marketing Business Environment Marketing Planning: An Overview of Marketing 6 main questions to ask in order to create your marketing plan: 1. Where are we now? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 2. How did we get here? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 3. Where are we heading? (Marketing audit, SWOT Analysis) 4. Where would we like to be? (Marketing objectives) 5. How do we get there? (Core Strategy, Marketing mix decisions, Organization, ImplementationRead MoreResearch Methodology in Functional Areas1513 Words   |  7 PagesAREAS OF BUSINESS SUBMITTED BY: DEEPTI(0918111) KRITHIKA (0918119) NAMRATA (0918124) NITA (0918129) NIDHI(091812) SHYAMALA (0918154) RELEVANCE OF RESEACH IN BUSINESS While many business ideas blossom into successful businesses, there are many others that did not move beyond the business plan or offering memorandum. And among those that get funded and started, many fail eventually. While there can be many reasons for business failures, often these were due to flaws in the business conceptRead MoreExecutive Summary : Harvey Norman1530 Words   |  7 Pagesmost efficient businesses in Australia as they market their products particularly well making use of the Omni channel method of advertising. Harvey Norman is also successful in regards to their knowledge and implementation of marketing segmentation, how the product lifecycle impacts on the marketing mix which in turn plays a part in determining marketing strategies, and the necessity of regularly monitoring the effectiveness of the marketing plan. However, improvement is still necessary with implementationRead MoreContents. Introduction2. Definition Of Marketing2. Marketing1662 Words   |  7 PagesContents Introduction 2 Definition of Marketing 2 Marketing Concept 2 Production Orientation 2 Sales Orientation 3 Market Orientation 3 Marketing Process 3 Market Analysis 4 Selecting Target market 5 Marketing Mix overview 6 Implementation and Control 7 Strategy Control 8 Difference between Business and consumer Markets (B2B vs. B2C) 9 B2B (business-to-business) marketing 9 B2C (business to consumer) marketing 9 Comparison between HM and Zara 11 How Marketing Mix helps in achieving organisationsRead MoreBusiness- How Key Elements of Marketting Achieve Success1105 Words   |  5 Pages2009). Marketing is a key element in the success of any business. The elements of marketing incorporate: situational analysis, market objectives, the target market and marketing strategies. Most marketing plans begin with an executive summary, providing a brief summary of the current issues affecting a business. It is crucial in identifying key features of a marketing plan. Following the executive summary a business finds out its current position in the market using a situational analysis. A situationalRead MoreCompany and Marketing Strategy: Partnering to Build Customer Relationships1465 Words   |  6 Pagessteps 2. Discuss how to design business portfolios and develop growth strategies 3. Explain marketing’s role in strategic planning and how marketing works with its partners to create and deliver customer value 4. Describe the elements of a customer-driven marketing strategy and mix, and the forces that influence it 5. List the marketing management functions, including the elements of a marketing plan, and discuss the importance of measuring return on marketing investment Chapter Outline 1.Read MoreProduct Marketing Plan For Marketing1683 Words   |  7 PagesProduct Marketing Plan In the business, the world, marketing is the trade of introduction of inventors and corporations to the consumer. This trade will be in the regards to marketing the product and/or services also the invention. Marketing point will be conducted with a series of surveys, test groups and information collected for a target marketing segment. In these, conduct informational studies, the marketing will figure to correct target market, consumer and the supply and demand of the productRead MoreEssay about The Market Orientated Firm.1638 Words   |  7 Pageswhat it is to be a marketing orientated firm; firstly a business needs to know what marketing is. According to the UKs Chartered institute of Marketing (CIM): Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably (CIM1) Marketing is the only process that goes hand in hand with the company strategy and is integrated in all functions and departments of the firm. People tend to think marketing is about advertisingRead MoreCritical Thinking Questions : Strategic Planning1160 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategic planning. Marketing plays a large role in the strategic planning, because the plan is finding ways to take advantage of the market to increase business. The Steps to Strategic Planning: 1. Defining the company mission (the company must stay customer focused) 2. Setting company objectives and goals (very detailed for the entire company to follow) 3. Designing the business portfolio (deciding which product best for the company and how to support them) 4. Planning marketing and other functionalRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Marketing Planning Procedures1303 Words   |  6 Pages The SWOT Analysis and its Importance in Marketing Planning    Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to run a thriving business, you must be very knowledgeable about your customers, operation, competitors and the environment.  When it comes to market planning  many important factors must be taken into consideration. According to the business dictionary market planning is the procedure of examining one or more of prospective marketplaces

Terry Vs. Ohio, 392 U.s. - 1010 Words

Terry vs. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968) INTRODUCTION: In Terry vs. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968), the question of the Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable search and seizure was brought before the court system. The case looked at the admissibility of evidence discovered during search and seizure, in particular, as it relates to street encounters and investigations between citizens and officers of the law. The Supreme Court of Ohio reviewed the decision of the 5th Ohio Court of Appeals. This case was of particular importance it helped establish what type of search and seizure behavior was lawful and unlawful on the part of officers, and set clear guidelines. The rulings in this case pertain to the Fourteenth Amendment (Cornell University Law School, n.d.). FACTS: In a hearing concerning a motion to suppress admission of evidence, Cleveland Detective Martin McFadden described an incident where he was patrolling downtown Cleveland on the afternoon of October 31, 1963. During patrol, McFadden noted two men at the corner of Huron and Euclid, who for some indefinable reason, attracted his attention. Although McFadden was unable to express precisely what it was that drew his attention concerning the men, the habits and intuition of over 30 years of observation and detective work were sufficient to engage his interest and have him settle in to observe the men more keenly (Justia, 2015). McFadden noted one man leave and walk along Huron Road past some stores. He stopped toShow MoreRelatedCase Summary of Terry vs. Ohio1562 Words   |  6 PagesTerry vs. Ohio 392 U.S. (1968) Name Instructor Course Title Date Submitted Terry vs. Ohio: Case Summary: Following his usual patrol on a downbeat for several years, a Cleveland detective saw two strangers i.e. the petitioner and Mr. Chilton on a street corner. The two were observed proceeding alternately back and forth along a similar path in which they stared at the same window store for approximately twenty-four times. After completing the route, these individuals met at a corner where theyRead MoreIllinois vs Wardlow1441 Words   |  6 Pagescase of Illinois vs. Wardlow, many factors contributed to Wardlow’s arrest. Starting with the facts of the case, on September 9, 1995 Sam Wardlow fled after seeing police vehicles covering an area in Chicago where it was known to have high drug trafficking. Two police officers spotted Wardlow, Officers Nolan and Officer Harvey, and once Officer Nolan caught up with Mr. Wardlow, Officer Nolan proceeded to conduct a pat-down search of only the outer layer of clothing, or a â€Å"Terry Stop.† Officer NolanRead MoreOver The Past Deca des The Fourth Amendment Of The United1586 Words   |  7 PagesSearch incident to lawful arrest exception. According to The NCP, â€Å"if someone is lawfully arrested, the police may search her person and any area surrounding the person that is within reach (within his or her â€Å"wingspan†). See Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969)† (National Paralegal.Edu). The rationale behind search and seizure is that it must permissible by aw and a protective measure among citizens. Now if a person is able to commit a theft, and leave the store, fits the description reportedRead MoreScenario Involving Civil Liability and Civil Action986 Words   |  4 Pagesfound several case laws in reference to this scenario project like: 1) Terry vs. Ohio 392 US 1 (1963) – dealing with officers arresting individuals because of suspicion that is reasonable involving criminal activity. 2) Title 42 U.S. Code Section, 1983, - Cases involving federal civil rights on statues in which individuals are able to file lawsuits against officers, police departments or juristictions. 3) Floyd, et al, vs. City of New York, et al – a Federal Action case that was filed againstRead MoreThe Violation Of The Fourth Amendment3158 Words   |  13 Pagesthose within post-secondary schools. Of course, students on college campuses have more protection and privacy rig hts and are entitled to more because most students are eighteen and older meaning that they are indeed adults. In the case of Washington vs. Chrisman, Overdahl Chrisman was attending Washington State University when he was spotted by a campus police officer walking out of his room with what appeared to be a bottle of alcohol. Because Chrisman looked to be younger than the legal drinkingRead MoreCorporate Governance - Cost Benefit Analysis of Sarbanes Oxley18706 Words   |  75 Pages............................................ 64 IMPACT ON MINING INDUSTRY........................................................... 67 OBJECTIVE............................................................................................ 68 BENEFIT vs COST ................................................................................. 70 FINDINGS............................................................................................... 71 RECOMMENDATIONS....................................Read Mor eLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . 325 The Trait Approach to the Study of Leadership . . . . . . 326 Behavioral Approaches to the Study of Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 The University of Iowa Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Ohio State Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 University of Michigan Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Styles of Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Likert’s Systems of ManagementRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAppraisal Comments 257 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 258 Paying for Performance 275 Team-Based Compensation 276 Executive Compensation Programs 277 Salaries of Top Managers 277 Supplemental Financial Compensation 277 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Are U.S. Executives Overpaid? 278 Supplemental Nonfinancial Compensation: Perquisites 279 International Compensation 279 Base Pay 279 DID YOU KNOW?: Compensation in a Global Environment 280 Differentials 280 Incentives 280 Assistance Programs 280 Summary 281Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesHyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 AbilityRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pages 607 EVOLUTION OF PRACTICES ................................... 608 SYSTEMS OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES .......................................... 609 INDIVIDUAL BEST PRACTICES VS. 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The Latino Complex What Defines Our Culture free essay sample

Growing up in a Latino household, I was taught both English and Spanish, and I was fluent in both. My parents would use English and Spanish in the same sentence, and I developed an ear for thick accents and mixed verbiage. When I entered my teen years, however, I lost that connection to my family. I learned French in middle school and lost interest and fluency in speaking Spanish. I lost that connection to my family, but that does not make me any less Latin. I hear it from my parents all the time: â€Å"You should learn Spanish so you can talk to your grandma;† â€Å"You should learn Spanish; it’s part of your culture.† I feel distanced from them, and I feel like I’m valued less as a member of my family. While not speaking Spanish does create a barrier between me and my family, it does not diminish my connection to my heritage or my experience as a hispanic woman. Heritage is not something that you can lose: you’re born with it, and I was born a Latina. I feel guilty for letting go of something that brings me closer to my family, but my understanding of what it means to be a Latina is still valid. Having this broken link is like being a wallflower at a party. I was invited to the party, so I’m present and involved, but not entirely comfortable socializing. There’s something separating me from the rest of the party, and it’s language. The pillars of Latin culture are rooted in the following: family, community, and tradition. My background with these outweighs the language barrier. Of these, family is number one, every Latin will tell you that. Family teaches you everything you know: if not your mom or dad, then your aunt, or third cousin, or great uncle will gladly step in to instill any missing knowledge, with added Latin flair. Family members are always around to give you advice, even when you don’t want it; ESPECIALLY when you don’t want it. These are the people that invited me to the party, the people that make me feel comfortable and welcomed. I grew up surrounded by the warmth and comfort unique to Latin families. Family means being involved and being available to each other. In any culture, family is important, but Latino families not only include immediate family members, but they invite friends and neighbors to create an extended, invaluable support system. I am lucky enough to be apart of such a family. I inherited the tenderness, compassion, and loving nature that came from being brought up where these traits are valued. When I think of the importance of the Latin community, I think of a congregation of people who share history and core values. A Latin community can be a community of Mexicans, a community of Hondurans or Puerto Ricans, or a community of all these people. I cannot tell you how excited Latinos are to meet other Latinos, no matter where they’re from. When I moved into my dorm, I connected with my roommate almost immediately. We are both Latin women; her family is Mexican while my family is mixed Honduran and Puerto Rican. Regardless, we bond over gossip, television, food, and experiences from our youth. The one thing I can’t relate to her with is Spanish, because she speaks it fluently with her family. Despite this, we identify in our Latin heritage and see each other as supportive, close friends. She is part of my community, and I connect with her beyond our national heritages. Latinos share this connection and bond with each other and use it to build welcoming and excit ing communities wherever they are. Traditions are a central concept in Latin culture. They can be massive like religion, or personal, like Sunday barbeques; the point is, tradition is experienced by every Latin person. We inherit tradition from our family and community, and it is often rooted in religious and social gatherings. I’ve experience older, larger traditions: baptism, going to church with my family, taking communion. I’ve also experienced newer, smaller traditions: learning to cook Sopa de Olla, bonding with tispy aunts and uncles over dinner, yearly christmas parties. Then there are traditions that manage to be both old and new. My Quinceanera, for example, tied the religious importance of old Latin values with the exciting and lax standards of modern Latin-American culture. A compromise between old and new; where a church service proclaiming me â€Å"the salt of the earth† was followed by morally questionable dance moves and elaborately decorated cupcakes. These traditions make me a L atina. The old ones have been passed down over generations, others that are fairly new have been adopted to keep us close together as times change. Another pillar, which most Latinos will likely deny, is pride. Pride is at the core of the Latin identity. Being Latin includes being proud of who you are, and more importantly, where you come from. I could not be more proud of my mother, a Puerto Rican entrepreneur who has taught me about perseverance and determination in the face of adversity. I could not be more proud of my father, a Honduran immigrant who came to the United States to get an education, chase a career opportunity he didn’t have back home, and raised me to value discipline and loyalty. I could not be more proud of myself for accepting my heritage and embracing what it means to be Latina despite losing my Spanish tongue. I understand the value of language and how it can bring me closer to my culture, and losing it adds distance between myself and my family, community, and our traditions. However, I shouldn’t have to defend my Latin identity because I’m missing it. I may be dancing offbeat at thi s party, but I’m dancing to a Latin rhythm.

The Importance of Improving the Digital Divide between All Countries of Different Socio

Introduction Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have emerged as the most important tools for development through their ability to connect people to information and knowledge. Through inventions such as the internet, people’s lives have been transformed and the world has been converted into a global village.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Improving the Digital Divide between All Countries of Different Socio-Economic Climates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Policy makers and scientists agree that ICT can play an important role in promoting development in a country. However, for this positive role of ICT to be realized, people have to enjoy adequate access to the ICT resources. As it currently stands, there is a great disparity in access between nations and this has led to a digital divide. These divide has been driven by socio-economic climates with the developed c ountries benefiting greatly from technology while developing countries do not enjoy the benefits accrued from the utilization of ICTs. This paper will discuss the importance of improving the Digital Divide between all countries of different socio-economic climates. It will begin by defining what the digital divide is and proceed to highlight some of the negative impacts of this divide. Digital Divide: A Definition The term divide is used to indicate a disparity between two parties in some context. Pick and Azari (2008) define the digital divide as the â€Å"rapidly growing disparities in the utilization, expenditure, and availability of technology between individuals, businesses, and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels† (p.91). As at 2004, the World Economic Forum reported that 88% of internet users were individuals from developed nations and this set of nations made up only 15% of the world population (Pick Azari, 2008). This points to a major division in th e intensity of ICT utilization in the world. There are two major types of digital divides. The first is the absolute difference in telecommunication infrastructure between nations while the second is the disparity within a nation between those who have effective access to communication resources and those who do not. Impacts of Digital Divide The digital divide puts the poorer nations that are unable to afford the relevant technology and the poor households who do not have effective access to communication resources available in their countries at a disadvantage. Because of the digital divide, most developing countries suffer from an acute lack of individuals with IT skills. The countries are therefore unable to make use of the vast amount of information that is accessible through the internet. Such countries continue to lurk behind when compared to the developing nations that have this valuable information at their disposal. Research indicates that millions of people in Africa do n ot have access to the internet and without this ability to communicate effectively; the continent will remain â€Å"poor and isolated, lacking the basic means to participate in the global society† (Allam 2007, p. 341).Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a world that is striving to create equality among all people, the digital divide promotes inequalities. Stevenson (2009) notes that â€Å"the socioeconomic demographics of the digital divide reproduce earlier inequalities based on class, race, and gender† (p.1). The digital divide is therefore not only limited to technology but it has the effect of accentuating the aforementioned inequalities. The link between access to ICT and economic well-being is elaborated by The Herald (2012) which reports that more than 90% of American adults of a upper middle class economic level had wired high-speed internet at their homes. Thi s is in contrast to the poor who have to rely on public access computing services in places such as libraries. The lack of adequate ICTs in developing countries has decreased the efficiency of many companies and made the cost of doing business prohibitive for some. Due to the digital divide, some organizations have limited exposure to information technology. Their expenses are higher since they do not have the adequate information to run efficiently and effectively. Organizations are at times unable to take advantage of technological advances and they continue to be disadvantaged at the global market. These companies are also unable to make adequate profits due to inequitably distribution of ICT resources. Pick and Azari (2008) observe that there is an uneven distribution of the benefits of ICT between developing and developed counties and this has a bearing on the productivity of companies in the respective countries. Importance of Improving the Digital Divide Improving the digital divide will provide nations with the knowledge needed to fuel their development. Information plays a crucial role in today’s knowledge based economy. It has become an essential component in the realization of a sustainable economic growth especially in the developing nations of the world. Allam (2007) argues that information, which is available easily and efficiently through well-developed ICTs, can lead to knowledge and this knowledge acts as the basis for development. By bridging the digital divide, all countries will have the opportunity to access this vast pool of information and knowledge available online. By doing this, the nations will experience economic growth as they exploit the knowledge provided through ICTs. The developed nations of the world have achieved their impressive economic growth and productivity due to technological changes. Through aggressive utilization of communication technologies, businesses and industries in these countries have been able to resh ape themselves and enhance their efficiency and effectiveness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Improving the Digital Divide between All Countries of Different Socio-Economic Climates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pick and Azari (2008) assert that the expansion of ICT has stimulated productivity by shortening product life cycles for manufacturers and reducing the importance of distance while conducting business. Improving the digital divide will ensure that developing nations have the same opportunity to enjoy efficiency and heightened productivity. As such, countries will be able to compete on an international level more proficiently if the digital divide is reduced or done away with completely. Improving the digital divide will give all nations an opportunity to benefit economically from e-commerce, which is fast becoming the future of business. The business world today is signific antly influenced by the e-commerce phenomenon that offers many major advantages to businesses everywhere. For this new way of doing business to take place, participants must have good telecommunications networks that will enable them to conduct business deals, share commercial information, and maintain business relationships (Zwass 2003). The efficiency and convenience offered by e-commerce has made it very attractive to the market and consumers and businesspeople in developing countries have exploited this technology to their advantage. As such, the industrialized countries have been the main beneficiaries of e-commerce due to their well-developed ICT infrastructure. If the digital divide is improved, developing nations will also be able to benefit from such opportunities. Day (2009) observes that by encouraging small and medium sized businesses in developing countries to embrace e-commerce, economic growth can be promoted in the country. The very act of improving the digital divid e will lead to a creation of many jobs and business opportunities for the community. Bridging the digital divide will require a marked improvement in the telecommunication infrastructure of the nation in question and an increase in the level of skills for using ICT (Norris 2001). Improving infrastructure will make use of the local labour force, which will be utilized in the physical setting up of communication devices. Once the infrastructure is in place, people will have to be trained to become adept at utilizing ICT resources. This will lead to the creation of a new market for trainers who will be responsible for developing the labour force proficient in the use of ICT. Improving the digital divide will increase the learning opportunities for the citizens of the country regardless of their socioeconomic status. Technological advances over the decade have made it possible to engage in innovative methods of education such as online learning.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Online education has not only made education accessible to more people but it has also decreased the cost of education significantly. Traditionally, people of low-income standings have been locked out of education due to its relatively high cost. With technology, education is relatively cheaper and therefore within the reach of this lower income group. In addition to this Haythornthwaite (2004) asserts that through online education, the capacity of educational institutions can be expanded therefore overcoming the problem of resource limitation that many developing nations face. Increased learning opportunities will translate to increased job opportunities for the citizens of the nation therefore improving the economic status of individuals and the nation as a whole. Improving the digital divide will ensure that all world citizens are given equal opportunity to benefit from ICT resources. The current disparities that exist have led to a scenario where some are empowered through their limitless access to ICT while others suffer from a lack of access to ICT. The individuals with access have been able to improve their livelihood through the ICT and continue to access even more oncoming technology. On the other hand, the other group suffers from limited development due to the lack of access. This later group is mostly confined to the developing countries, which do not have adequate access to the information and communication technologies that are needed to improve their livelihoods. If the digital divide is bridged, this disenfranchised group will have the opportunities needed to participate in an information society and economy with positive outcomes for their livelihoods. Improving the digital divide will lead to better governance since it will lead to societies that are more democratic. Couldry (2007) suggests that the digital divide has a consequence on the working of democracy with inequality of access being accompanied by less accountability and non-democrati c governance. Increased access to the ICT and especially the internet will enhance the creation of democratic society by fostering public participation in the issues of governance. Through the internet, people who were previously voiceless will have a say in their government and engage more in the decision making process. Bridging the digital divide will ensure that more people are able to access common spaces where they can safely and confidently engage with each other on public issues (Couldry 2007). ICT will also provide the administration with a more effective way of providing feedback to citizens. The values of democracy will therefore be promoted by improving the digital divide. Improving the digital divide might lead to the resolution of the social inequalities that have plagued society for centuries. In the attempt to bridge the digital divide, the deeper social inequalities will have to be addressed. Stevenson (2009) elaborates that improving the digital divide will entail more than just providing access to ICTs for members of the society who previously lacked this access. Even if the populations at risk are given access to ICTs, they might be unable to use it to significantly improve their life-chances if the issues of social or economic inequality are not addressed. Stevenson (2009) declares that while addressing the problem of physical access is a step in the right direction, it must be augmented by the resolution of deeper social inequalities. Bridging the digital divide will therefore lead to a lasting solution to inequality issues. Conclusion The ICT revolution that has taken place over the last decade has led to immense benefits being enjoyed globally. However, these benefits of ICT have been confined to some sections of society therefore creating a digital divide. This paper set out to discuss the importance of improving the digital divide. It has noted that bridging the digital divide will be integral to the acceleration of economic growth an d development in most developing countries. From the discussions given in this paper, it is clear that improving the digital divide will lead to many benefits for nations and individuals from all socioeconomic groups. Governments and organizations should therefore engage in steps to implement solutions that will eliminate the digital divide and therefore ensure that all people enjoy the benefits of ICT. References Allam, A 2007, ‘Open Access Towards Bridging the Digital Divide–Policies and Strategies for Developing Countries’, Information Technology for Development, vol. 13, no.4, pp. 337–361. Couldry, N 2007, ‘New Media for Global Citizens’, The Future of the Digital Divide Debate, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 249-261. Day, A 2009, Large organisations role in bridging the digital divide, https://cyber.harvard.edu/wsis/Day.html. Haythornthwaite, C 2004, Learning, culture, and community in online education: research and practice, Peter Lang, Quebec. Nor ris, P. 2001. Digital divide: Civic engagement, information poverty, and the Internet worldwide. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pick, JB Azari, R 2008, ‘Global Digital Divide: Influence of Socioeconomic, Governmental, and Accessibility Factors on Information Technology’, Information Technology for Development, vol. 14 no.2, pp. 91–115. Stevenson, S 2009, ‘Digital Divide: A Discursive Move Away from the Real Inequities’, The Information Society, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1–22. The Herald 2012, Bridging the digital divide, https://www.heraldnet.com/opinion/bridging-the-digital-divide/. This research paper on The Importance of Improving the Digital Divide between All Countries of Different Socio-Economic Climates was written and submitted by user Norah Stuart to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Problems in Law Enforcement essays

Problems in Law Enforcement essays Throughout the centuries people in law enforcement have encountered common problems. People created rules and regulations (laws) to act as guidelines on how to conduct oneself in a manner which the majority of the population considers normal behavior. Since the first law was written, the law enforcement community, local as well as federal, is confronted with a litany of allegations that officers have violated the public's trust, engaged in criminal acts, abused their authority, violated citizens' civil rights, used excessive force, been disrespectful and arrogant, "doctored" evidence and generally lost credibility with the communities they serve. Over the years, police acts of corruption, violence, robbery and other predatory misconduct have in fact been perpetrated by members of the police community; however, investigation further indicates that such corruption is not systemic but rather is confined to small groups of officers (pockets) or to individuals. It should be noted, with due care and respect, that these investigations have shown that the vast majority of police officers are honest and perform their duties conscientiously a finding that is often overlooked in the midst of media and political "hype." The latter observation does point out that on occasion, law enforcement conduct do reflect some lack of supervision and integrity training, as well as some lack of oversight in departmental internal affairs activities. Moreover, many departments lack mechanisms that would refer early-detected indicators, and proactive models for preventing misconduct and analyzing risk factors are almost nonexistent. In many communities the public perception of police integrity is poor and schisms have arisen between the police and segments of the population. This perception must be repaired if the police community is to gain the cooperation of the citizens. Police image is a vital ingredient in obtaining the public trust. It ...

The rise and influence of Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War 2 Essay

The rise and influence of Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War 2 - Essay Example Franklin Delano Roosevelt, America’s longest serving President, is one of the most important political figures of the twentieth century. He led the USA through twelve years of domestic and international disorder and war. It is a general perception among people that no American President is more concerned about how he is portrayed than Franklin Roosevelt. He shrouded himself in dozens of disguises, including Sphinx, Father, Doctor, and Captain of the Ship of State. One main theme was consistent. Franklin Roosevelt invariably represented himself and was portrayed by others, as hale, hearty, optimistic, and healthy, his most brilliant disguise. That image of vigor makes ironic the debate over the depiction of Roosevelt in his memorial statues in Washington, DC, and raises complex issues about the portrayal of the best known but most enigmatic president of the twentieth century.Historians have always ranked Roosevelt as one of the greatest presidents of the United States along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. Franklin Roosevelt and World War II Between 1929 and 1945 the United States experienced a global depression and another world war. During t his time of grave calamity almost everywhere, economic collapse called forth political instability and nationalist movements. In Europe and Asia the rise of Italian fascism, German Nazism, and Japanese militarism intensified economic competition over markets and scarce resources, resulting in conflict and war . In the countries of Latin America the Great Depression led to breakdowns and political difficulties, the consequences of which encouraged the United States to respond in distinctive ways by fashioning a Good Neighbor policy. The Great Depression, which set in after the historic Stock Market Crash of 1929, and World War II would bring substantial expansion of the practice and its concepts. President Franklin D Roosevelt, a consummate practitioner who had been tutored in public relations by Louis McHenry Howe since 1912, would lead the way. He was elected four times against the strong opposition of the majority of American newspapers by using his true strong leadership and taking his message to the people on the nation's front pages and on radios. The term "good neighbor", a kind of commonplace in diplomatic language, took on actual meaning during the presidencies of Herbert C. Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt. For Latin Americans the term signified the end of an era of direct intervention by the United States in Latin American affairs. For the Roosevelt administration the Good Neighbor policy also functioned significantly in other ways: It served as an international counterpart of the New Deal by attacking the economic effects of the Great Depression and later as a means of mobilizing resistance among the nations of the New World against the Axis powers during the Second World War. As the historian Robert Freeman Smith explains, taken together the various components formed "a massive, although ill-defined government effort" under U.S direction to create "an integrated hemisphere system" characterized by high levels of "political, economic and military co-operation". FDR's success in winning public support spurred the efforts of the conservative forces, particularly Big Business, to develop programs to counter his appeals. To bring the United States out of the Depression, President Roosevelt initiated a number of actions agencies - the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the Works Project Administration - that required extensively publicity in order to gain cooperation and acceptance. Thus, the public information system in the federal government was greatly enlarged in FDR's administration. In a sense and to oversimplify - the Second World

Private Institutions vs. Public Institutions Research Paper

Private Institutions vs. Public Institutions - Research Paper Example This report declares that sociology of education helps in understanding the entire education system, finding the strengths and weaknesses. In order to do proper formulation of guidelines and planning of a viable system to perfectly suit man and society. Sociology of education places the teacher in a better position of understanding social issues and their related problems in relation to the schooling environment thus enabling the teacher to relate morally, ethically and professionally. In other words, it gives the teacher in depth understanding of the student cultural background and socio-cultural setup, hence helping them to understand it better themselves. This paper discusses that education is a formal process through which society willingly passes down accumulated customs, values, skills, and knowledge from generation to generation. In light with this notion about education, there are many functions connected to its necessity hence its core basis. Some of the outlined objectives of education thus include development of value and attitudes. The basis of any society is inclined on its values whether social, cultural or political. These values act as the pillars on which the society’s stability rests upon. For this value to be existent, it calls for personal/individual orientation. Education through any of its institutional setups is formulated to create an environment geared towards the achievement of social integration. Individuals in school setups are drawn from different social backgrounds. In order for the school to function as a system, it calls for shedding of the self to allow for the inclusion of the â€Å"othernessâ₠¬ . By this, therefore, we mean that a much as one will hold unto individuality, individualism has to be suppressed if the school has to operate as a joint. The education, therefore, is designed to instill interrelation ability and foster national unity, despite the existing diversity among students in terms of class, race and gender. One of the many objectives of education is to foster a country’s national development and propagate its economic growth. In order for this to be realized, it follows that individuals ought to understand their obligation in relation to their contribution to this goal. Education enhances the achievement of this objective through two major ways: firstly, through education, on is able to know and understand the main pillars of economic development. By so doing, the system thus helps an individual to strategically, position himself or herself in carrying out this function. Secondly, education helps in shaping up people to act as tools of development . This is to say that educated people understand best about what to do, how to do it, where and when to perform the specified duties as expected

Analysis Of Indira Gandhis Leadership Style Politics Essay

Analysis Of Indira Gandhis Leadership Style Politics Essay Indira Gandhi-one of the first female prime ministers in the world (preceded only by Sirimavo Bandaranaike who became prime minister of Sri Lanka in 1960), as well as the longest serving prime minister of India, the most populous democracy in the world-was an ideal candidate for this assignment. An exceedingly complex individual, Indira Gandhi was frequently perceived as a shy, aloof young woman. And yet her behavior as Prime Minister was engaged and aggressive, climaxing in her declaration of a State of Emergency in 1975. Born into Indias most prominent political family in 1917, Indira Nehru was immersed in politics from an early age. Stepping into the void left by her mothers untimely death in 1936, as a young woman she became her fathers hostess, a role that expanded into confidant and advisor over the ensuing years. After her fathers death in 1964, she accepted a minor portfolio in the Shastri government. Lal Bahadur Shastris subsequent death, two years later, made her the compromise choice of the ruling Congress Party hierarchy for the post of the prime minister, since she was thought to harbour no political ambitions of her own. Over the next 11 years, she proved to be a formidable political leader, consolidating her control over the party and the country, winning the 1971 war with Pakistan that saw the creation of Bangladesh, and declaring a State of Emergency in 1975. This latter action, a culmination of bitter relations with the opposition, led to her political defeat in the 1977 elections. Out of power for the next three years, she returned triumphantly in 1980, and ruled India with an increased determination to maintain herself in office. Not above manipulating communal grievances to stay in power, ironically she, herself, eventually fell victim of one of these crises. In 1984, she was assassinated by her own bodyguards, members of the Sikh community, thus ending a remarkable political career. Leadership Style: A New Synthesis While every scholar seems to have his or her own definition of leadership style, the underlying concepts appear to be similar-how the leader carries out the responsibilities of his or her office; more specifically, the leaders work habits, and how they relate to those around them. After reviewing various studies of presidential leadership style Hermann and Preston (1994) distilled five common leadership style variables involvement in the policymaking process, willingness to tolerate conflict, motivation for leading, and preferred strategies for resolving conflict. Kaarbo (1997, pp. 561-563) adopted and modified these five variables and added two variables from the literature on organizational leadership style-relations with members of the cabinet and task orientation. This study adapted five of the variables (motivation for leading, task orien- tation, cabinet management strategy, information management strategy, and rela- tions with the party) developed by Hermann and Preston (1980) and Kaarbo (1997, pp. 561-563), and added another five variables that examine the prime ministers relations with personnel, opposition parties, the media, and the public, and his/her investment in job performance. These have been grouped into three spheres of activity: first, the leader and his/her motivation, task orientation, and investment in job performance; second, the leader and the executive-cabinet and information management strategies; and third, the leader and relations with other personnel, caucus, the party, the opposition, and the media. Leadership Style of Indira Gandhi This section examines the empirical evidence of Gandhis leadership style: motivation for leading; task orientation; investment in job performance; management style, both with the cabinet and in the realm of information gathering; and her interpersonal relations with her associates, the caucus, the extra-parliamentary party, the opposition, the media, and the public. Results showed that she was motivated primarily by pragmatism and power, focusing on goals rather than process. With her cabinet, she functioned largely as an advocate for her goals and preferred to rely on independent sources of information. In her dealings with personnel, the party caucus, the extra-parliamentary party organization and the opposition parties, she was largely demanding, domineering, competitive, controlling, and oppositional. She was capable of being both accessible and friendly to the media as well as being hostile and closed, depending on the time period. It was only with the public that Indira demonst rated a consistent pattern or openness and warmth. Motivation The first leadership style variable centers around the question of a prime ministers motivation for leading. A survey of the literature has suggested that a variety of needs and incentives induce individuals to assume leadership positions in politics (see Kaarbo Hermann, 1998, pp. 251-252). The leader may be motivated by pragmatism (a belief in an obligation to the party to shape government policies along incremental lines); by personal validation (the wish to be popular and to be accepted); by an ideological agenda (a coherent system of political beliefs that shapes government policy); or a desire for power (dominance and control). In the area of motivation, it can be observed that notwithstanding a brief flirtation with socialism, Indira Gandhi was a decidedly non-ideological leader. Investment in Job Performance The amount of energy and time that a prime minister brings to the office is another variable of leadership style (Barber, 1972/1992). It demonstrates whether the leader places limits on the extent of the commitment to the office or whether there is a tireless outpouring of energy. Prime ministers may be interested primarily in the process of government, the building of concurrence, and the development of good relations among the members of cabinet, or they may be more goal oriented, focusing on specific ends and their implementation. Indira Gandhi was heavily involved in her role as Prime Minister. Politics took over her life as she travelled extensively crisscrossing India with extraordinary energy (Gupte, 1992, p. 331). A 16-hour or longer working day was the norm with very little time for family, friends, or relaxation (Frank, 2001, p. 355). Task Orientation The way in which the prime minister organizes the composition of and manages the decision-making process within the cabinet is another facet of leadership style. How are policy dilemmas resolved? To what extent is there involvement in the policy process? Who becomes part of the locus of decision making is also something the prime minister decides. In these activities, the prime ministers style may run the gamut from being largely uninvolved, to a consensus builder, to an arbitrator, and finally, to a strong advocate The empirical evidence indicates that Indira Gandhi was overwhelmingly concerned about task implementation and little concerned with the issue of building concurrence among her cabinet. Rather, she treated many of her cabinet colleagues as potential challengers, and if any grew too powerful, she saw to it that their powers were curbed, even if it meant dismissing capable individuals. Cabinet Management Although information in a cabinet setting is usually channelled through the various ministries, prime ministers will differ as to how they choose to review such information and how they relate to their close advisers. The same, of course, is true for presidents in a presidential system (George, 1980, 1988; George George, 1998; Hermann, 1978, 1987; Hermann Preston, 1995; Kaarbo, 1997). They may want all the facts about the problem or situation and do the interpretation themselves, or they may only be interested in seeing summaries and policy options. Of interest here is how much input the prime minister wants into the way problems and issues are framed and get onto the agenda. Strategy Indira Gandhis dealings with her cabinet demonstrated overwhelmingly that her preferred role was to act as an advocate, rather than a consensus builder, or arbitrator between various government ministers. But advocacy only partly captures the extent to which she dominated her colleagues; she dismissed those who might have challenged her and placed her favourites in senior government posts. Her advocacy was, in fact, an authoritative, peremptory exercise of power. Information Management Strategy In managing the flow of information that comes to the office, does the prime minister use a system of individuals to filter information and minimize direct involvement, or is close scrutiny more likely? Closely related is the question on which the prime minister relies for information. Does the prime minister prefer to receive policy relevant data from his cabinet and senior civil servants, or is there a reliance on other sources? As part of her overall activist stance as Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi demonstrated a high degree of involvement in the management of information, prefer- ring to search out what she wanted to know, rather than waiting for it to be presented to her. Relations with Personnel The final cluster of leadership style variables focuses on the prime ministers interpersonal relations with those with whom he/she works, i.e., state-level., governmental officials, members of the judiciary, etc., with his or her own party, with the opposition, the media, and the public. The prime minister interacts with a number of individuals on a daily basis. The extent of the involvement may be high or low; stylistically it may encompass patterns ranging from solicitous, to polite, attention seeking, demanding, and even exploitative. With both the caucus and the extra-parliamentary party organization, the prime minister may behave cooperatively or be competitive or combative and overbearing. Since conflict is a very pervasive element in cabinet life, especially in highly factional single party cabinets and in coalition cabinets (see t Hart, 1994), the management of party relations by a prime minister is extremely important. Indira Gandhis dealings with her aides, advisers, and members of other branches of government were coded for the degree of involvement and the type of behavior exhibited. Relations with other stakeholders Analysts have also focused on how the leader carries out or implements decisions, the way in which the leader mobilizes, orchestrates, and consolidates support for his or her policy decisions (Renshon, 1996a, 1996b). Does the prime minister attempt to sell policies by going beyond the party and parliament to appeal to the public at large? Does he or she try to educate or manipulate the public? Or does the leader display little direct engagement with the public, preferring government officials to articulate and defend government policy? Those prime ministers who focus on policy achievements are more likely to use the office of the prime minister as a bully pulpit, while those who stress the policy process will be less inclined to try to generate additional support among the attendant public. I . Party Caucus and Extra-Parliamentary Party Organization Indira Gandhis relationship with the party caucus-and more particularly her cabinet colleagues-was overwhelmingly contentious from 1966 until 1970. From 1970 on, as power shifted from the Cabinet to the Prime Ministers Secretariat, her relations with the party caucus became manipulative/exploitative. Later, power would shift even more to the Prime Ministers house next door (Frank, 2001, p. 354). The party caucus and the cabinet increasingly assumed a rubber stamp function and the cabinet no longer operated as a center of policy making. Indiras relations with the party organization largely mirrored those with the party caucus. Given the nature of her competitive and controlling relationships with both her caucus and the Congress party organization, it is hardly surprising that Gandhi would manifest the same type of behavior with the various opposition parties. Born into Indias most prominent political family in 1917, Indira Nehru was immersed in politics from an early age. Stepping into the void left by her mothers untimely death in 1936, as a young woman she became her fathers hostess, a role that expanded into confidant and advisor over the ensuing years. After her fathers death in 1964, she accepted a minor portfolio in the Shastri government. Lal Bahadur Shastris subsequent death, two years later, made her the compromise choice of the ruling Congress Party hierarchy for the post of the prime minister, since she was thought to harbour no political ambitions of her own. Over the next 11 years, she proved to be a formidable political leader, consolidating her control over the party and the country, winning the 1971 war with Pakistan that saw the creation of Bangladesh, and declaring a State of Emergency in 1975. This latter action, a culmination of bitter relations with the opposition, led to her political defeat in the 1977 elections. Out of power for the next three years, she returned triumphantly in 1980, and ruled India with an increased determination to maintain herself in office. Not above manipulating communal grievances to stay in power, ironically she, herself, eventually fell victim of one of these crises. In 1984, she was assassinated by her own bodyguards, members of the Sikh community, thus ending a remarkable political career. Born into Indias most prominent political family in 1917, Indira Nehru was immersed in politics from an early age. Stepping into the void left by her mothers untimely death in 1936, as a young woman she became her fathers hostess, a role that expanded into confidant and advisor over the ensuing years. After her fathers death in 1964, she accepted a minor portfolio in the Shastri government. Lal Bahadur Shastris subsequent death, two years later, made her the compromise choice of the ruling Congress Party hierarchy for the post of the prime minister, since she was thought to harbour no political ambitions of her own. Over the next 11 years, she proved to be a formidable political leader, consolidating her control over the party and the country, winning the 1971 war with Pakistan that saw the creation of Bangladesh, and declaring a State of Emergency in 1975. This latter action, a culmination of bitter relations with the opposition, led to her political defeat in the 1977 elections. Out of power for the next three years, she returned triumphantly in 1980, and ruled India with an increased determination to maintain herself in office. Not above manipulating communal grievances to stay in power, ironically she, herself, eventually fell victim of one of these crises. In 1984, she was assassinated by her own bodyguards, members of the Sikh community, thus ending a remarkable political career. II. Media and Public Lastly, in relations with the media, the prime minister may be accessible and informative or inaccessible and hostile. Prime ministers who emphasize the implementation of significant policy changes are more likely to generate greater opposition, which in turn will be reflected in some parts of the media, than those who are more concerned with maintaining the political process with incremental changes. In the face of hostility on the part of the media, the Prime Minister is more likely to become less accessible and more hostile. Gandhis relations with the media vacillated between being accessible, informative, and friendly to being uninformative, inaccessible, and unfriendly after the imposition of Emergency Rule in 1975. However, in her relations with the public, Indira Gandhis leadership style was extremely open. The Indian crowds seemed to energize her, and she felt a special bond with the Indian masses who loved the combination of her aristocratic background and her simple down-to-earth manner. Over the next 11 years, she proved to be a formidable political leader, consolidating her control over the party and the country, winning the 1971 war with Pakistan that saw the creation of Bangladesh, and declaring a State of Emergency in 1975. This latter action, a culmination of bitter relations with the opposition, led to her political defeat in the 1977 elections. Out of power for the next three years, she returned triumphantly in 1980, and ruled India with an increased determination to maintain herself in office. Not above manipulating communal grievances to stay in power, ironically she, herself, eventually fell victim of one of these crises. In 1984, she was assassinated by her own bodyguards, members of the Sikh community, thus ending a remarkable political career. Conclusion Analysis shows Indira Gandhi as strongly goal-oriented, tireless in the exercise of her job, an advocate within her cabinet with a preference for receiving information from independent sources. As well, the type of involvement she exhibited with associates, the caucus, the party organization, and the opposition, which was largely competitive and controlling, also fitted expectations for the Ambitious, Controlling, and Contentious leader. Indira Gandhis leadership behavior in the selected categories revealed that her leadership style patterns strongly indicate toward her Ambitious, Dominant, and Contentious personality as well as Reticent, Retiring, and Aggrieved personality patterns. Although, Indira Gandhi demonstrated some Reticent personality traits when she assumed the office of the Prime Minister, the demands of the job and the initial hostility she encountered from the Congress elites-the Syndicate-seem to have galvanized the Ambitious, Dominant, and Contentious dimensions of her personality into action. Compensatory narcissism allowed Indira to appeal over the heads of the Syndicate and establish a strongly personal and very effective relationship with the masses that bolstered her self-esteem and fueled this aspect of her personality.

Is Mary Shelleys Frankenstein typical of the horror genre? Essay

Is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein typical of the horror genre? To answer the question above, I firstly need to be clear about the term 'genre.' Genre is a particular style in art or literature, some examples of genres are: romantic, Romance, science-fiction and Gothic. Each genre has its own personal features, for example the romance genre deals with love, it normally has exotic settings and it deals with emotional issues. I am going to try and categorise the book and then try to decide whether or not it is just a horror story, or if it is more than that. If it is just a horror story then it will focus on death, darkness, fear and terror. It will also try to shock the reader and it will use suspense heavily. With this in mind, Frankenstein is definitely a horror story, for example Victor Frankenstein said, on the day when the creature was born, "a dreary night in November." This shows that the day is dark, which is typical of a day in a horror story. "Infuse a spark... into this lifeless thing" this is when he is talking about the creature, and there is definitely and emphasis on death and darkness. Victor says he also has "astounding horror" this shows that he is feeling especially horrified with the monster. From the beginning of the book, the horror genre is the primary genre in the novel, even before Victor Frankenstein's story has even begun there is evidence of horror. Just before he starts to tell his story, he tells Robert Walton that his story has "unparalleled misfortunes" and that he has "memories of evil" this is meant to strike fear into the reader and into Robert Walton, it shows that Victor Frankenstein is deeply horrified with what has happened to him. There is also evil in this story a... ...ypical through out all of the book. I believe that Frankenstein is definitely a horror story and that it is also a Gothic story, because it has many features that are typical of these genres. I do not believe that they are the main genres though, as the Romantic genre is a lot more dominant in this novel. I believe that this is mainly because of the time period that it was set in, as it was written in 1818, and this was when people were starting to discard the horror genre, and they were starting to believe in nature. Also the horror genre is only present in a few of the chapters and the Romantic genre is present in most. There are many other genres present, but none of them are feature as much as the Romantic genre. I do believe that Frankenstein is typical of the horror genre, but only in some of the novel, and it is more typical of the Romantic genre.

Land Law Notes Essay

Land includes land of any tenure, and mines and minerals, whether or not held apart from the surface, buildings or parts of buildings (whether the division is horizontal, vertical or made in any other way) and other corporeal hereditaments; also a manor, an advowson, and a rent and other incorporeal hereditaments, and an easement, right, privilege, or benefit in, over, or derived from the land Law of Property Act 1925 s.62 A conveyance of land shall be deemed to include and shall by virtue of this Act operate to convey, with the land, all buildings, erections, fixtures, commons, hedges, ditches, fences, ways, waters, water-courses, liberties privileges, easements, rights, and advantages whatsoever, appertaining or reputed to appertain to the land, or any part thereof, or, at the time of conveyance, demised, occupied, or enjoyed with, or reputed or known as part or parcel of or appurtenant to the land or any part thereof. ‘He who owns the land owns everything up to the sky and down to the depths’ Unrealistic in modern times – pipes underground, aircraft above etc. Bernstein v Skyviews & General Ltd 1978 QB: Establishes that a landowner doesn’t have unqualified rights over the airspace of his land. Fixtures and Fittings Law of Property Act 1926 s.62 ‘Whatever is fixed to the land becomes part of the land’ Holland v Hodgson 1872 LR 7CP 328: Looms were fixtures as they were attached to the floor by nails, not just their own weight. If an article is annexed to the land by something more than its own weight, it’s a fixture, therefore part of the land. Elitestone v Morris 1997: Bungalow couldn’t be removed without its destruction. An objective test to determine whether the object was intended for the use or enjoyment of the land, or for the more convenient use of the object itself. General principle: whether an object is part of the land is determined by†¦ a) The physical degree of annexation Chelsea Yacht & Boat Co v Pope 2000 1WLR 1941: Boat on a river was a chattel not a fixture b) The purpose of the annexation: for better enjoyment of the land or for the better enjoyment of the chattel? Leigh v Taylor 1902 AC 157: These tapestries were works of art, but could be removed without causing structural damage. Therefore they were chattels not fixtures. Re Whaley 1908 1Ch 615: These tapestries were hung as to create the effect of an Elizabethan dwelling house, therefore they were fixtures. Relevance? Buyer: Taylor v Hamer 2002 EWCA Civ 1130: The Court decided that the flagstones were fixtures, and suggested that a seller is not allowed to remove fixtures without informing the buyer if there is a possibility that the buyer expects the fixtures to be included in the sale. Mortgage lender: Botham v TSB 1996 EGCS 149: The bank applied to the High Court to decide if certain everyday articles in the borrower’s flat were ‘fixtures’ and therefore were subject to the bank’s mortgage, so it could sell them as mortgagee. Taxation: Melluish v BMI 1996 AC 454 Landlord and tenant: A tenant has the right to remove ‘tenants fixtures and fittings’ at the end of the tenancy: Young v Dalgety 1987 1 EGLR 116: A better definition of a tenant’s fixture is any item which is properly legally identifiable as a fixture and which was installed and continues to be removable by the tenant, is a tenant’s fixture. Spyer v Phillipson 1929 2 Ch 183: So long as the chattel could be removed without doing irreparable damage to the demised premises, neither the method of attachment nor the degree of annexation, nor the quantum of damage that would be done either to the chattel itself or to the demised premises by the removal, had any bearing on the right of the tenant to remove it. Wessex Reserve Forces and Cadets Association v White 2005 EWHC 983: landlord’s intention here to ‘demolish’ the premises only led to its aspirations of regaining possession being ‘flattened’ when the court held that (objectively) the landlord’s (subjective) intention could not be implemented and that, in any event, the landlord would not require possession of the premises to carry out the proposed works. Ownership of things found on the land. Parker v British Airways Board 1982 QB 1004: court decided that the finder of a gold bracelet in a public area of British Airways was entitled to possess it against the whole world save the true owner. An occupier of a building has rights superior to those of a finder over chattels on or in, but not attached to, that building if, before the chattel is found, he has manifested an intention to exercise control over the building and the things which may be on or in it. Bridges v Hawkesworth 1851: The finder of a lost article is entitled to it as against all but the true owner. Waverley BC v Fletcher 1996 QB 334: owner or lawful possessor of land owned all that was in or attached to it. Local authority which owned a public open space had a right SUPERIOR to Finder to things found in the ground of that open space and was entitled to possess them against all but the rightful owner. Buried Treasure Treasure Act 1996 s.1(1) Defines what treasure is s.4(1) When treasure is found, it vests, subject to prior interest and rights†¦in the Crown†¦ s.8(1) A person who finds an object which he believes or has reasonable grounds for believing is treasure must notify the coroner for the district in which the object was found (within 14 days) s.8(3) Any person who fails to comply with subsection (1) is guilty of an offence†¦ s.10 Payment of rewards

Symbolism Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 - 868 Words

Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury once stated, â€Å"I never consciously place symbolism in my writing. That would be a self-conscious exercise and self-consciousness is defeating to any creative act †¦ During a lifetime, one saves up information which collects itself around centers in the mind; these automatically become symbols on a subliminal level and need only be summoned in the heat of writing.† (The Paris Review). Bradbury’s may not have consciously placed symbolism in Fahrenheit 451, but his use of symbolism throughout the story allows the reader to relate back to their most basic instincts, all while seeing a deeper meaning to what they are really looking at. Fire is one of man’s oldest tools, and Bradbury’s use of it as a symbol can be viewed in many different ways. Another use of symbolism is his use of the Salamander and Phoenix to resemble their iconic fire trucks, and the emblems on their uniforms. 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